Vol 12, No 2 (2024): April

The objective of this research was to investigate the income level of the paddy rice farmers practicing the transplanting system known as Tapin in Bangkir Village of South Dampal Subdistrict of Toli-Toli District. This research was carried out in Bangkir Village, South Dampal District, Toli-Toli Regency which was selected purposively due to its significant contribution to farm production income in this area. The study was conducted from September to November 2021.  The average income the respondent farmers received was IDR 14,352,432. 43/2.12 ha/planting season (PS) calculated from an average production rate of 1,794. 05 kg/2.12 ha/PS and with an average price of IDR 8,000/kg. The total average cost incurred by the farmer was IDR 7,490,082. 21/ha/PS. This resulted in an average net income of IDR 6,862,350/0.23 ha/PS for the paddy rice farmers in Bangkir Village.

This study was conducted in South Toribulu Village, Toribulu Subdistrict, Parigi Moutong District, to address the previously unknown levels of farmers' adoption of Integrated Crop Management (ICM). The primary objective was to assess the extent to which farmers in this area have adopted ICM practices for paddy rice cultivation. The research was carried out from December 2020 to February 2021, with the study location selected purposively. The sampling method used was a Simple Random Sampling, encompassing 69 farmer groups, each consisting of 25 members, leading to a total population of 1,725 rice farmers.  The findings revealed that the adoption level of high-quality seeds was classified as high. In contrast, the adoption levels for components such as superior varieties, planting systems, fertilizer application, alternate irrigation, integrated pest management (IPM), and weeding were classified as moderate, although there were slight variations in scores across these components. The use of organic matter received an average score of 29.59, while the harvest and post-harvest practices scored 35.73, both of which were categorized as low. Overall, the adoption of Integrated Crop Management for paddy rice was classified as moderate in Toribulu Selatan Village, with an average score of 43.21.

Tomatoes are a vital horticultural commodity with significant economic importance in many countries. This study aims to investigate the demand for tomatoes, analyze the flow patterns within the tomato supply chain, and examine the mechanisms of supply chain management and assess its efficiency in Sidera Village, Biromaru Subdistrict, Sigi District, in the post-Covid-19 period. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The findings indicate that post-Covid-19 tomato supply chain management is a complex system that requires coordination and integration of product flow, information flow, and financial flow throughout the distribution process.

This study aimed to examines the factors that influence the demand for imported grapes at Transmart Carrefour in Palu City. The research was conducted in August to September 2021 and involved 30 grape consumers who were selected randomly. The study used the Multiple Linear Regression analysis to identify the relationships between various factors, including income, grape prices, apple prices, family size, and consumer preferences. The results showed that all five factors together have a significant impact on grape demand, with a perfect correlation between the variables (R² value of 1.000). Additionally, the analysis revealed that individual factors such as income, grape prices, and consumer preferences have a significant influence on grape demand, whereas apple prices and family size do not.

The research aimed to determine the various channels and mechanisms of the marketing dynamic of palm sugar. It was conducted from August to September 2021 in Babana Village, Budong Budong Subdistrict, Mamuju Central District, engaging with a total of 32 palm sugar craftsmen selected using a simple random sampling method.  The findings reveal a complex network of marketing channels, with two primary routes: (i) the first channel involves selling palm sugar to collectors, who then resell it to wholesalers in Mamuju Central city, before finally reaching consumers outside the city (West Kalimantan) and (ii) the second channel involves direct sales from the craftsmen to wholesalers, who then distribute the product to consumers in West Kalimantan. The analysis also indicated significant differences in marketing margins between these two channels, with a margin of IDR 5,000/kg in the first channel and of IDR 3,000/kg in the second. A higher percentage (88%) of the final price were received by the craftsmen in the second channel than the first channel (80%).  The second channel is more efficient with 80% efficiency value compared to 42% in the first channel.

This study aimed to evaluate the financial feasibility of the tuna tortilla chip business at Risqa Mulia Industry in Olaya Village, Parigi Subdistrict, Parigi Moutong Regency, using Net Present Value (NPV), Net B/C Ratio, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period criteria. The research was conducted from July to August 2019. Respondents were selected purposively, consisting of three internal company members: the company leader, treasurer, and a production employee. Financial feasibility analysis was used as the method for data analysis. The results indicate that the tuna tortilla chip business at Risqa Mulia Industry is financially feasible based on the assessment criteria. The calculations yielded an NPV of IDR 72,890,925, a Net B/C Ratio of 2.93, an IRR of 42.96%, which exceeds the initial interest rate, and a Payback Period of 2 years and 5 months, achieved before the end of the business period.

Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) serves as both a valuable source of foreign exchange and a significant income stream for coastal communities. Given the expansive maritime resources available, the development of seaweed farming presents a lucrative opportunity for these communities. This study was conducted to assess the income levels of seaweed farmers in Tindaki Village, South Parigi Subdistrict, Parigi Moutong District. The research took place from June to September 2022. A census method was employed to select respondents, encompassing all individuals within the population, which consisted of 30 seaweed farmers. The analysis revealed that the average production per farmer was 519.7 kg, with a selling price of IDR 21,000 per kilogram. The total revenue generated was IDR 10,938,900, against total costs of IDR 6,166,167. Consequently, the average annual income for seaweed farmers in Tindaki Village was IDR 7,591,333. These findings highlight the economic significance of seaweed farming in this region.

This research was conducted at the Dermawan Hybrid Corn Farmers Group located in Pesaku Village, Dolo Subdistrict, Sigi District. The selection of this location was purposive, aligning with the research objectives. The study's respondents included eight individuals, comprising both internal and external stakeholders. The internal respondents consisted of the group leader, treasurer, secretary, and one member of the Dermawan Farmers Group. The external respondents included two partners who served as part of the production monitoring team and two regular consumers of the group's produce. The study employed strategy formulation analysis tools, including the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, Internal-External (IE) matrix, and SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). The analysis of the agribusiness development strategy for hybrid corn farming within the Dermawan Farmers Group identified key internal factors, notably strengths and opportunities. The SWOT analysis resulted in the identification of three strategic approaches for further development.

This study examined the marketing channels, marketing margins, price share received by farmers, and the overall efficiency of marketing curly red chilies (Capsicum annuum) in Tambarana Village, Poso Pesisir Utara Subdistrict, Poso District. The research was conducted between April and May 2021. A census method was used to select farmer respondents, resulting in a sample size of 35 farmers engaged in curly red chili cultivation. Additional respondents, including one collector trader, one retail trader, and two end consumers, were identified through tracing sampling techniques, yielding a total of 39 participants in the study. The analysis revealed that the total marketing margin for Channel I was IDR 10,000.00, while Channel II had a total margin of IDR 9,000.00. The price share received by farmers was 60.0% for Channel I and 62.5% for Channel II. Marketing efficiency was 1.94% for Channel I and 0.90% for Channel II. The identified marketing channels for curly red chilies in Tambarana Village are: (i) Producers → Collectors → Retailers → End Consumers, and (ii) Producers → Collectors → Retailers → End Consumers.  Channel II was found to be more efficient, as indicated by its lower total margin and higher price share for farmers. This suggests that Channel II minimizes the price differential between consumer expenditure and producer income, thereby indicating a more equitable distribution of market benefits to the farmers involved.

This study aimed to analyze the income derived from cocoa farming by farmers in Taripa Village, Sindue Subdistrict, Donggala Regency. A simple random sampling method was employed to select respondents, resulting in a sample size of 33 farmers out of a total population of 128 cocoa farmers. The primary analytical tool used in this study was the farming income analysis method. The findings indicated that the average income of farmers in Taripa Village is IDR 17,352,045.55/0.74 ha, or IDR 23,448,710.20/ha. The average revenue received was IDR 18,754,545.45/0.74 ha, or IDR 25,261,224.49/ha, with the average total cost amounting to IDR 1,402,499.91/0.74 ha, or IDR 1,895,270.15/ha at the average price of cocoa was IDR 30,000 per kg

This study examined the effect of various production factors—including land area, seed type, urea fertilizer application, labor input, and farmer age—on corn production in Uelene Village. Respondents were selected via a simple random sampling method from a population of 102 farmers, resulting in a sample size of 31 farmers. The analysis employed the Cobb-Douglas production function to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The findings indicate that 97.2% of the variance in corn production can be attributed to the specified variables, while the remaining 2.8% is accounted for by other factors not included in the model. The F-value obtained (F-count = 171.015) exceeds the critical value (F-table = 2.60), suggesting a significant simultaneously effect of the production factors on corn production in Uelene Village. In terms of individual contributions, three variables—land area, seed type, and urea fertilizer—demonstrated a significant effect on corn production, implying that increases in these factors correspond to higher yields. Conversely, labor input and farmer age were found to have no significant effect on corn production in this context. This research contributes valuable insights for agricultural stakeholders in optimizing resource allocation for enhanced corn production in the region.

This study aimed to evaluate the income and financial feasibility of Zahra Bakery, a home industry located at Jalan Angkasa, Komplek RM Satya Bali, North Birobuli, Palu City. The research was conducted from April to June 2022, involving three purposively selected respondents. The analysis applied includes the assessment of investment criteria such as Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). The bakery's average annual production is 576,000 packages, generating an average revenue of IDR 883,200,000. The average cost incurred was IDR 1,094,400,000, resulting in a profit of IDR 91,169,800 and a net cash inflow of IDR 86,245,423. The financial feasibility analysis indicated a positive NPV of IDR 43,794,126, a Net B/C Ratio of 1.24, an IRR of 25.67%, and a PP of 2 years and 7 months, with the final year's net income amounting to IDR 6,610,158/month. These results conclude that the bread business at Zahra Bakery in Palu City is financially feasible for development and operation.

This research was conducted at CV. Raja Bawang located at Jl. Abdurahman Saleh No. 33, South Birobuli Village, South Palu Subdistrict, Palu City during February and March 2022. It specifically chosen for its relevance in the industry. Respondents included the leadership and employees of CV. Raja Bawang. The Hayami Method was used to analyze the value-added. Findings indicated that the processing of marlin tuna into tuna floss resulted in an added value of IDR 46,215/kg, yielding a profit of IDR 44,438/kg, or 96.15%. This suggests that the production of tuna floss significantly enhances the economic growth of CV. Raja Bawang. The value-added ratio was 40.01%, equivalent to IDR 18,490, influenced by output value, raw material costs, and other inputs. In February 2022, CV. Raja Bawang processed 360 kg of tuna meat to produce 120 kg of tuna floss, generating an income of IDR 16,088,064/month. These findings demonstrate the significant economic benefits of value-added processing in the tuna industry.

This study examined the internal and external factors influencing the development of the "Mandiri Jaya" crispy fried onion business, established by Mrs. Irawati in 2016. The goal is to identify these factors and formulate strategies for developing the Donggala Crispy Fried Onion business within the Mandiri Jaya Home Industry. The analysis revealed that the most effective strategy is the Strengths-Opportunities (SO) approach, which influences the business's strengths to capitalize on opportunities. The calculated strength factor is 2.52, and the opportunity factor is 2.30, both of which exceed the weakness factor (0.83) and threat factor (0.78). This results in internal and external factor comparisons of 1.96 (X-axis) and 1.53 (Y-axis), respectively, indicating a strong potential for business development through strategic alignment.

This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of tofu wastewater-based organic fertilizer (LOF) on the growth and yields of two mung bean varieties, Vima 1 and Vima 3. The experiment was conducted at the Academic Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, from October 2021 to January 2022. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors was employed: mung bean variety (Vima 1 and Vima 3) and POC dose (0, 40 ml/plant, 50 ml/plant, 60 ml/plant, 70 ml/plant, and 80 ml/plant). The results indicated that both varieties showed similar vegetative growth responses to the LOF doses, with significant differences observed only in production components. The 80 ml/plant dose led to increased growth for both varieties, suggesting this as the optimal level for enhancing plant growth.

Central Sulawesi Province is a significant corn-producing region in Indonesia, with an average production of 193,522.8 t/year from 2013-2017. Sigi Regency, one of the largest corn producers in the province, has a harvest area of 10,700 ha, yielding 44,115 t annually, with an average productivity of 4.2 t/ha. Despite the prevalence of chemical pest control methods among farmers, awareness of the negative impacts of these chemicals is limited. This study aims to analyze the knowledge and behavior of farmers regarding pesticide use for maize pest control in Tanambulava District. The research was conducted in five villages within the district in 2022. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire, involving 45 farmers from 15 farmer groups, selected through purposive sampling. The study found that the knowledge of maize farmers in Tanambulava Subdistrict about pesticide use was relatively low. Many farmers lacked information on the proper use of chemical pesticides and their adverse effects on the environment and non-target organisms, leading them to prefer chemical control methods. The behavior of farmers in using pesticides is often incorrect, with practices such as mixing multiple pesticide types in one application and using dosages that deviate from recommendations. Differences in farmers' knowledge and behavior appear to be associated with variations in education level, age, and farming experience.

This study, conducted in Poboya Village, Tanamodindi, South Palu, from January to April 2022, investigated the effects of rice husk charcoal and rice straw bokashi on the growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a factorial arrangement was used, involving two factors: rice husk charcoal (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg/plot) and rice straw bokashi fertilizer (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg/plot). Each treatment was replicated three times. Observations included plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, flowering age (days), number of pods, pod weight, dry pod weight, and weight of 100 seeds. The results indicated that both rice husk charcoal and rice straw bokashi, each at a dose of 15 t/ha, significantly enhanced the growth and yield of peanut plants. However, no significant interaction was observed between rice husk charcoal and rice straw bokashi on the growth and yield parameters of peanuts.

This study examined the effects of bamboo shoot extract and storage duration on the viability of shallot seeds of Palu Valley variety. The experimental design was a factorial randomized block with two factors: bamboo shoot extract concentrations (10, 20, and 30 ml/liter of water) and seed storage durations (30, 40, 50, and 60 days). This resulted in twelve treatments, each replicated three times. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by an Honest Significant Difference test at the 5% level to compare treatment means. Results showed that bamboo shoot extract at 20 ml and 30 ml significantly increased the number of leaves in the first week and plant height in the first and second weeks. A 60-day storage duration positively affected germination, leaf number, plant height, and root volume.

This study aimed to evaluate the drought tolerance of different local upland rice cultivars under various watering intervals. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, from June to August 2020. A two-factorial completely randomized design was used. The first factor was the rice cultivar, comprising three types: Pulu Tau Leru, Jahara, and Uva Buya. The second factor was the watering interval, with five level watering: daily (P1), every other day (P2), every two days (P3), every three days (P4), and every four days (P5). This resulted in 15 treatment combinations, each replicated four times, totaling 60 experimental units. Observed parameters included plant height, leaf length, leaf curl, and number of tillers. The results indicated that the growth of the different local upland rice cultivars was significantly affected by the watering intervals across all observed parameters.

The excessive use of non-organic fertilizers can lead to soil degradation. To address this issue, organic fertilizers, such as goat manure, can be used as an alternative to enhance soil fertility and improve crop production. This study aimed to determine the effective dosage of goat manure fertilizer on the growth and yields of soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merrill). The research was conducted in a screen house at Tadulako University, Palu, from November 2020 to 2021. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor: the dosage of goat manure. The treatments included: K0 (no fertilizer added, control), K1 (7 t/ha or 35 g/polybag), K2 (8 t/ha or 40 g/polybag), K3 (9 t/ha or 45 g/polybag), and K4 (10 t/ha or 50 g/polybag). The results of this study are expected to provide insights into optimal goat manure application rates for sustainable soybean cultivation.

The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of Trichoderma harzianum to suppress the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, which causes damage to red onion crops. The study was conducted in Sidera Village, Sigi Biromaru Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, and at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, from August to December 2021. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed, with six treatments: P1 (10^-3 dilution, immersion), P2 (10^-3 dilution, immersion and one foliar application), P3 (10^-3 dilution, immersion and two foliar applications), P4 (10^-6 dilution, immersion), P5 (10^-6 dilution, immersion and one foliar application), and P6 (10^-6 dilution, immersion and two foliar applications). Each treatment was replicated three times, resulting in 18 experimental units. The results indicated that the combination of immersion and foliar application at a 10^-3 concentration was effective in suppressing the pathogen's growth and reducing moler disease incidence. Moreover, the 10^-3 concentration was more efficient in enhancing onion growth and yield compared to the 10^-6 concentration, likely due to its faster or more targeted application.

Lembah Palu shallot variety is a prominent commodity in Central Sulawesi, known for being a key raw material in the onion industry a regional trademark of Palu city. To enhance the shallot productivity, one effective strategy is the intercropping of shallots with chili plants, particularly with the F1 variety 'Dewa'. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of Lembah Palu shallots when planted at different intervals relative to chili plants used as border crops. The research was conducted in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Central Sulawesi Province, from September to November 2019. The study employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatments based on different planting times of the shallots relative to the chili plants: T1 (simultaneous planting with chili), T2 (7 days after chili planting), T3 (14 days after chili planting), and T4 (21 days after chili planting). Each treatment was replicated four times, resulting in a total of 16 experimental plots. The results indicated that the different planting times of Lembah Palu shallots intercropped with chili plants did not significantly affect plant height, leaf number, or fresh root weight. However, significant effects were observed on the bulbdiameter and yield of Lembah Palu shallots.

This study aimed to determine the distribution of organic matter status as a basis for soil fertility management across different land uses in Bakubakulu Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi District. Soil analysis was conducted at the Soil Science Laboratory Unit, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, from July to August 2022. Soil samples were collected from various land use types, including primary dry land forest, secondary dry land forest, mixed dry land agriculture, and bushes. A total of 16 soil samples were taken and composited into eight samples. The analysis revealed that land unit (LU) 2.2 had the highest organic matter status (3.75%) and C-Organic content (2.18%), meeting moderate criteria.  The results also showed that soil pH was highest in LU 1.2 (6.67), while N-total was highest in LU 3.2 (0.31%). Soil texture varied across the samples, with different land use types exhibiting distinct textures, ranging from sandy loam to loamy sand. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for optimizing soil fertility management strategies across different land uses in the region.

The objective of this study was to investigate the response of sweet corn growth and yield to the application of rice husk biochar and NPK fertilizer, and to determine the optimal combination of biochar and NPK dosages that enhance sweet corn growth and yield. The study was conducted in Makmur Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia from January to April 2022. A two-factorial randomized block design (RBD), namely biochar dosage and NPK fertilizer dosage, was employed. Each factor had three levels, and each treatment combination was replicated three times. The results showed that the interaction between NPK fertilizer and rice husk biochar was significant only for ear length and ear weight, regardless of ear type (tasselled or untasselled). The application of rice husk biochar significantly reduced the need for NPK fertilizer in sweet corn cultivation.

This study mapped the nitrogen nutrient status in intensive paddy fields in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, using GPS to determine sampling locations. From June to December 2020, soil analysis was conducted at Tadulako University's Soil Science Laboratory. The results showed alarmingly low nitrogen levels across the study area. Specifically, in Palolo Subdistrict, nitrogen levels ranged from 0.01% to 0.08% across 207.1 hectares (91.2% of total paddy land), while in Gumbasa and Sigi Biromaru Subdistricts, levels were similarly low, covering 331.2 and 137.2 hectares, respectively, accounting for 100% of each paddy field.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different growing media on the growth and yields of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). The experiment was conducted at the Academic Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, from March to May 2021. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed with six different treatments: P0 (Control, soil only), P1 (Soil + Rice Husk Charcoal 1:1), P2 (Soil + Rice Husk Charcoal 1:2), P3 (Soil + Rice Husk Charcoal 1:3), P4 (Soil + Rice Husk Charcoal 3:1), and P5 (Soil + Rice Husk Charcoal 3:2). Each treatment was replicated four times, resulting in a total of 24 experimental units, with each unit containing three plants, amounting to a total of 72 plants per polybag.  The results demonstrated that the P3 treatment (Soil + Rice Husk Charcoal 1:3) significantly enhanced the growth and yields of tomato plants. This treatment yielding the highest performance: an average plant height of 99.44 cm, 81.58 leaves, 12.78 branches, 11.56 fruits per plant, and an average fruit weight of 363.12 g. These findings suggest that the P3 growing medium is particularly effective in promoting the optimal growth and productivity of tomato plants.

This study aimed to evaluate the financial feasibility of cocoa farming in Ogodopi Village, Kasimbar District, over the period of November to December 2019. The village was selected purposively due to its prominence in cocoa production within the region. A sample of 33 cocoa farmers was chosen from a population of 124 using a simple random sampling technique. Financial feasibility was assessed using Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Sensitivity Analysis. Initial results indicated an NPV of IDR 576,322,972, a Net B/C of 1.33, an IRR of 10%, and a PP of 1.3 years, suggesting financial feasibility. Further sensitivity analysis, considering a potential 10% decrease in production, resulted in an NPV of IDR 858,617,192, a Net B/C of 0.50, an IRR of 39.35%, and a PP of 1.4 years. These findings confirm that cocoa farming in Ogodopi Village remains financially feasible under varying economic conditions.

Liquid organic fertilizer, derived from natural sources, enhances the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. In cocoa cultivation, the use of organic fertilizers like Bioboost is crucial for soil fertility. Bioboost is a biological fertilizer containing beneficial microorganisms that promote soil fertility through biochemical processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of Bioboost liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The research was conducted at the Agronomy Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, from July to October 2021. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) was employed, with five levels of Bioboost concentrations: 0 ml/l (control), 5 ml/l, 10 ml/l, 15 ml/l, and 20 ml/l. The results indicated that a Bioboost concentration of 20 ml/l produced the most favorable outcomes across all observed growth parameters for cocoa seedlings.

Arthropods, the largest taxon in the animal kingdom, serve as indicators of ecosystem balance. This study aimed to assess the diversity, evenness, and dominance of arthropods in corn (Zea mays L.) with and without botanical insecticide application. The research was conducted in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Central Sulawesi, from September to November 2022. The study utilized pitfall traps, light traps, and sweep nets to observe arthropods. The results indicated higher arthropod diversity without insecticide application: 4 classes, 14 orders, 44 families, 57 species, and 1,112 individuals, compared to 4 classes, 14 orders, 39 families, 49 species, and 891 individuals with insecticide. The diversity index and evenness index were higher without insecticide (3.04 and 0.75) than with insecticide (2.81 and 0.72). Both treatments had low dominance index values (0.10 and 0.12), suggesting no single species was dominant.

This study aimed to determine the effects of motivation and training, both simultaneously and individually, on the dynamics of farmer groups in Donggala Regency. The research utilized a survey method, including field observations, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 66 farmers. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The F-test demonstrated that motivation and training simultaneously had positively significant influence on the group dynamics. Specifically, the t-test results revealed: (1) motivation has a positive and significant effect on the farmer group dynamics, and (2) training also has a positive and significant effect on the group dynamics. The first hypothesis test (F-test) indicated that the combined effect of motivation (X1) and training (X2) on group dynamics in Donggala Regency yielded a regression value of 87.2, with an R² score of 76.0%. The second hypothesis test (t-test) showed that motivation (X1) significantly affects the group dynamics, with a t-value of 4.520 (α = 0.05). Training (X2) also significantly affects the group dynamics, with a t-value of 5.163, and a regression coefficient of 0.460, both at a significance level of 0.05.