##plugins.themes.classic.volume-abbr## 2, ##plugins.themes.classic.number-abbr## 1 (2015): June

Several studies have revealed a wide range of beneficial effects of seaweed products applications on plants growth and development. Seaweeds may cause different effect in plant responses because there are a range possible factors acting in concert. These factors may include to the amount of plant growth regulator (PGR) and nutrients present in the products. PGR activity in two seaweed products (Maxicrop® and Seasol®) was investigated using Radish (Raphanus sativus). Treatments included a control, standard concentrations of the seaweed Products (SS1 and MC1),    2 and 4 times the recommended rates (SS2, SS4, MC2 and MC4) ashed seaweed products (SS-ash and MC-ash), and equivalent amounts of N, P and K to that found in seaweed products (SS-NPK and MC-NPK). The results obtained show that both Maxicrop^® and Seasol^® can significantly increase crop performance. Maxicrop^® increased chlorophyll content and root and shoot growth, while Seasol^® only increased the chlorophyll content.

The purpose of this study was to determine “Prima” seed product performance based on the perception of Malang farmers. This research was conducted in Malang during February to March 2015. The data usedin this study were primary data and secondary data. The number of respondents selected was 50 farmers who have used Ciherang “Prima” seed products. Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) was applied in the analysis in this research. Product attributes of “Prima” seed is considered to have high performance and satisfy consumers are availability and productivity. Meanwhile, attributes that have lower performance and less satisfying consumers are price, cleanliness, volume and packaging.

This study is aimed to determine: 1) The income level of rice farming using SRI method in Ngombol, Purworejo, 2) The allocation of optimal resources of rice farming SRI method in Ngombol, Purworejo, and 3) the effect of changing in input and output prices to optimal resource allocation. The method used is descriptive analysis method with 20 farmers as samples/respondents and implementing interview method using questionnaires. The study was conducted in the village names Ringgit, Ngombol, Purworejo. Study sites was selected by purposive sampling considering that Ngombol is the district with the highest rice production in Purworejo and Ringgit has been long time using SRI method, since 2003. This study were applying: 1) Analysis of the actual farm income, 2) QRP (Risk Quadratic Programming) Model Analysis, and 3) Sensitivity Analysis. The analysis showed that the average production of paddy SRI system A is greater than system B, but for the average cost of system B is higher but for the income system B is smaller than A. This illustrates that SRI paddy farming systems A more advantageous compared to systems B; Optimization analysis results indicate that from the average of the actual land area of 1.81 ha of activity that appears on the optimal cropping pattern farming area system A 1.27 ha and system B at 0.54 ha. Meanwhile, the system A selected as optimal farming pattern with the highest optimal cropping patterns, The results of the optimization analysis also showed that the land and labor resources are still abundant or excessive, where as capital resources are limited. The results of the sensitivity analysis shows that increase and decrease in input prices and output prices both partially and simultaneously for 5-15% do not affect the optimal allocation of resources, but only affects the risk of SRI paddy farming. The increase of input prices is the higher risk faced by rice farmers SRI and other wise higher selling price of output become smaller risk faced by farmers.

Central Sulawesi is the first rank of cocoa beans supplier in Indonesia. Unfortunately, climate change resulted on emerging of cacao pests and diseases that causes continuously decreasing productivity of cacao farm. Consequently, farmers have been converted their cocoa farm to others farm. This has been impacted on macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. Generally, the aim of this study is to analyze impact of climate change on macro-economy of Central Sulawesi for case cocoa beans commodity. Particularly, the aim of this study is (i) to analyze impact of climate change on productivity of cacao farm; (ii) to estimate effect of the productivity on GDRP of cocoa beans; (iii) to estimate effect of the GDRP of cocoa beans on macro-economy of Central Sulawesi; and (iv) to estimate trends of macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. Analyze method was econometric simultaneous equation of double logarithm model. Data used was secondary data, 2000 – 2014, namely GDRP of Central Sulawesi, areal size of cacao, production volume of cocoa beans, prices of cocoa beans at farm level. The result of analyze showed that climate change has been impacted on productivity of cacao farm. It was indicated by coefficient of year as a proxy insignificant affect to variety of productivity of cacao farm, so it could be interpreted that the productivity to be constant. Consequently, the productivity couldn’t push up GDRP of cocoa beans. However, GDRP of cocoa beans could still push up the macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. The macro-economy of Central Sulawesi was increasing. Thus, although climate change impacted on the productivity, but GDRP of cocoa beans could still push up the macro-economy of Central Sulawesi. It means that management of pest and disease of cacao farm in a prototype to be important performed.

This research aimed to findout efficient sterilization method and MS media to germinate dragonfruit seeds in vitro, conducting at Biotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Tadulako University, using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was sterilization technique (S), i.e: S1 (The sliced fruit was washed with sterile distilled water three times, then rinsed in Bayclin (household bleach containing 5.25% NaOCl) 5% for 15 minutes, followed by washing in sterile distilled water three times. S2 (The seeds were taken from the fruit meat, then rinsed in 5% Bayclin for 15 minutes, then washed with sterile distilled water three times. S3 (The seeds were taken from the fruit meat, then rinsed in 15% Bayclin for 15 minutes, then washed with sterile distilled water three times. The second factor was the strength of MS media (M), i.e full strength MS (M1) and half strength MS for macro and micro nutrients (M2). Each treatment combination consisted of 35 seeds, and was replicated three times. Germination responses were observed as time to germinate, germination percentage and percentage of opened cotyledone seedlings. All datas were subjected to Analysis of Variance and the mean differences among the treatments were analyzed using Honest Significant Difference (HSD) at the level of 1%. The results showed that removing seed pulp, prior to rinsing the seeds in 15% Bayclin for 15 minutes followed by washing in sterile aquadest three times, and cultured in half MS produce the fastest and highest seed germination of 99.05% with 92.38% opened cotyledon seedlings after 2 weeks in culture

The purpose of this study is to get a fresh way of processing cocoa beans or cocoa beans are not fermented into (1) dry cocoa bean with traits such as fermented, (2) powder-paste dry beans with traits such as fermented, through the removal of the pulp and seed coat cocoa, as well as pH and temperature control as well as certain long. Stages of the study consisted of : stages of treatment research 1 Introduction the determination of the cocoa beans before incubation, 2. Determination of treatment introduction to cocoa beans before incubation and incubation media solution pH determination, 3. Determination of treatment introduction to cocoa beans before incubation and incubation media concentration, 4. Incubation process conditions and incubation media concentration. The results showed that the fermentation cocoa with formic acid buffer immersion obtained results with the highest nitrogen index and the highest acidity at a concentration of 48 to 175 mM in incubation buffer using formic acid, are the best conditions for dry cocoa beans. The results of the color index during incubation at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of incubation media with 175 mM concentration 0.9440; 0.9952; 1.0961, and 1.1623. So the application of the cocoa beans using Formic acid as a medium 175 mm marinade for non pulp cocoa beans for 36 to 48 hours. Fermented cocoa with acid immersion liquor acetate gives the expected product form acceptable to the consumer. The use of acetate acid is a material that is very cheap and easily available in the market.

The intermediate products of sugar apple do not have an entrepreneurial aspects though they have a longer shelf life than the fresh fruit form unless it processed into the final products of beverages or foods. Therefore it need to continue the processing of sugar apple intermediate products. Some products of them which have a clear prospect entrepreneur among others as both of beverages and functional foods. The Short-term goal of this research is to process the intermediate product into a beverage sugar apple powdered among others. Subsequently the long-term goal of this research is to find ways of processing the intermediate products into final ones that have nutritional value and adequate antioxidants. The results showed that the use of CMC 0.5% gives a better physicochemical and functional characteristics on powdered product of sugar apple. Making the beverage product by filtering the pulp giving better quality of both physicochemical and functional characteristics than without filtering the fleshy part.

House wife fisherman in the village of Lero Tatari take an active role in the search for additional income through processing of smoked tiny fish (Rono tapa) as well as its own production of fish seller, so it does not only depend on what is done and the husband obtained. The research objective was to determine the allocation (outpouring) working time wife towards productive activities in the household in the traditional fishing in village of Lero Sub District Sindue District of Donggala, respondents were used as the object of research is the woman selling fish in traditional fishing households. The analytical method used the descriptive method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the activities and magnitude of the outpouring of women working in the processing and marketing of fish products produced on productive activities in traditional fishing households. The results showed that the household head fisherman in the village of Lero Tatari work as traditional fishermen operate fishing gear lift nets, while housewives work as traders fish and processed fish (smoked fish). Stages of productive activities that take place every day in the household is the catch of fishermen in the village of Lero sold to his wife or wives of the fishermen who will process the catch into smoked fish (smoked tiny fish) with local language Rono tapa. Fish that have been processed then sold by the wife or wives of the fishermen to the market in the provincial capital (Palu). The number of outpouring work by woman selling fish is that HOK.

The objective of the study was to describe the social capital of the community in the Tambaksari Village.  There were as many as 170 people involved in the study. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that the local community of Desa Tambaksari agreed networking and norms had been implemented higly, while trust and paticipation were implemented at medium level in the development of ecotourism.  Therefore, trust and participation need to be improved.